two people selected at random from the country will have different native languages in 91.4% of cases. India has a Greenberg's diversity index of 0.914-i.e. The largest language that is not "scheduled" is Bhili (0.95%), followed by Gondi (0.27%), Khandeshi (0.21%), Tulu (0.17%) and Kurukh (0.10%).Īs per 2011 census, 26% of Indians are bilingual and 7% are trilingual. Scheduled languages spoken by fewer than 1% of Indians are Santali (0.63%), Kashmiri (0.54%), Nepali (0.28%), Sindhi (0.25%), Konkani (0.24%), Dogri (0.22%), Meitei (0.14%), Bodo (0.13%) and Sanskrit (In the 2001 census of India, 14,135 people reported Sanskrit as their native language). Thirteen languages account for more than 1% of Indian population each, and between themselves for over 95% all of them are " scheduled languages of the constitution".
12% of Indians declared that they can speak English as a second language. According to 2001 Census, 53.6% of the Indian population declared that they speak Hindi as either their first or second language, in which 41% of them have declared it as their native language. The Indian census takes the widest possible definition of "Hindi" as a broad variety of the " Hindi Belt". Hindi is the most widely spoken language in the northern parts of India. (Hindi is a listed Scheduled Language but English is not.) India's Constitution includes provisions detailing the languages used for the official purposes of the union, the languages used for the official purposes of each state and union territory and the languages used for communication between the union and the states. In addition to the two Official Languages, the constitution recognizes 22 regional languages, named in a specific list as " Scheduled Languages". States within India have the liberty and powers to select their own official language(s) through legislation.
English is allowed for official purposes such as parliamentary proceedings, judiciary, communications between the Central Government and a State Government. However, Rule 1976 (As Amended, 1987) of the Constitution of India, mandates Hindi and English as the "Official Languages" required "for Official Purpose of the Union." Business in the Indian parliament is transacted in either Hindi or in English. The SIL Ethnologue lists 415 living languages for India. 0.8%), with some languages of the Himalayas still unclassified. Most Indians speak a language belonging to the families of the Indo-Aryan branch of Indo-European (c. India is home to several hundred languages. States and union territories of India by the most commonly spoken (L1) first language
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